Hi Scott-
I think this would require that you have the AD provider installed and configured correctly for pass-through authentication. Once this is in place (and configured to do so), a user *could* "automatically" be logged into the site. When a user uses the AD provider to log in, a DNN account is created (and updated depending on the settings).
You could then have your form, as part of the submission, email someone with any information you want. You could use dynamic forms to auto populate the users first/last name, etc into a hidden field and then email the result.
Curtis